World Wide Web

Today I would like to share about the World Wide Web

•The World Wide Web, a service of the Internet

•The Internet was developed in the late 1960s

•The World Wide Web emerged in the early 1990s

 First , I want to share about the Web Browser

• A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. Aninformation resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) that may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content.^[1] Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources.
• Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems.
• The most popular web browsers are Chrome, Edge (preceded by Internet Explorer^[2][3][4]), Safari, Opera and Firefox.

•The purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user.

•With an Internet connection established, you start a Web browser.

•The browser retrieves and displays a starting Web page.

Second, I want to share about Web Address.

        A website address, also known as a URL (uniform resource locator), is an Internet or intranet name that points to to a location where a file, directory or website page is hosted. Website addresses can represent the home page of a web site, a script, image, photo, movie or other file made available on a server for viewing, processing or download. They can also be embedded into the code of web pages in the form of hyperlinks to direct the user to other locations on the Internet.

Transfer Protocol

•http://

–Hypertext Transfer Protocol

–A set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the Internet

•https://

–Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

–A protocol to provide an encrypted communication and secure identification of a network web server

–Often used for payment transactions on www.

•ftp://

–File Transfer Protocol

–The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer computer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. 

Then, I would like to share about the Web Page Navigation

•Surfing the web

–The activity of using links to explore the web

•A link

–Can be text or an image.

•Text links

–May be underlined and/or displayed in a color different from other text on the page

–The color of the link will change once the link has been visited.

• Web Pages Navigation has two types;
• Hypertext
• Links in text-based documents

• Hypermedia
• Combines text-based links with graphic, audio and video links

Tab Browsing

•Most current web browsers support tabbed browsing

•Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser

windows

Web Searching

•A primary reason that people use the Web is to search for specific information, including text, pictures, music and video.

•The first step in successful searching is to identify the main idea or concept in the topic about which   you are seeking information

Search Tools

Two types of search tools;

Search engine

•Finds information related to a specific topic

Subject directory

•Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories

What is hit?

Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search

 Okay! That's all for today,before I left there is some quotes,

Okay, done!!

The Internet Address

What is IP address?

Ø  A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet.

Ø  IP addresses are also referred to as IP numbers and Internet addresses.

Ø  IP address sometimes is called a dotted decimal number or dotted quad.

  

and how about IP structure?

Ø  IP addresses usually consists of four groups of number each separated by a period.

Ø  The number in each group is between 0 and 255.

Ø  It is 32 bit long ,each group is 8 bits long

Ø  Commonly written in decimal.

Ø  Written, for example, 128.35.0.72

ØThese four sections represent the machine itself and the network it is on

ØThe network portion is assigned.

ØThe host section is determined by the network administrator 

There are 2 versions of Internet Protocol are in use;

• IP V4
• IP V6

• IPv4 
• an address consists of 32 bits which limits the address space to 4294967296 (232) possible unique addresses.

• IPv6
• The address size was increased from 32 to 128 bits or 16 octets.
• Provides the potential for a maximum of 2128, or about 3.403×1038 unique addresses.

Domain name and IP address

• People prefer to use easy-to-remember names instead of IP addresses
• Domain names (a part of the URL) are alphanumeric names for IP addresses.

• e.g., neon.ece.utoronto.ca, www.google.com, ietf.org

• The domain name system (DNS) is an Internet-wide distributed database that translates

         between domain names and  IP addresses

•How important is DNS?

  Imagine what happens when the local DNS server is down.

Domain name

•The text version of an IP address

Generally,

•First portion of each IP address identifies the network

•Last portion identifies the specific computer.

 

Domain Name System

 IP address and domain name allocation requires central administration to avoid duplication 

 Previously administered by U.S. government contract (NSI)

 In 1998, technical coordination assigned to ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).

–ICANN is the official organization that coordinates domain names on the World Wide Web. ICANN is also responsible for approving or denying new domain extensions.

Top-level domains(TLDs)

•The first-level set of domain names are the top-level domains (TLDs).

•Three types of top-level domains:

–Organizational: 3-character code indicates the function of the organization

•Used primarily within the US

•Examples: gov, mil, edu, org, com, net

–Geographical: 2-character country or region code

•Examples: us, va, jp, de

•

–Reverse domains: A special domain (in-addr.arpa) used for IP address-to-name mapping

There are more than 200 top-level domains.

Generic Top-level domains (GTLD)

•A generic top-level domain (gTLD) is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet.

Internet Service Provider

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

A company that provides Internet connections and services to individuals and organizations.

Access Provider

A business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet for free or for a fee

Examples of ISP in Malaysia

ISP: TMNet

Products : Streamyx , UniFi, TM Hotspot

ISP : Time

Product : Time Fibre Home Broadband, Time Broadband

ISP: Packet One Network

Products : P1

ISP : YTL Communications

Product : YES

Types of the Internet Connection

Assalamualaikum

Hello guys!!
Today is mostly cloudy day! so like usual, I have continue do my assignment.
Today I want share about types of internet connection.

There are two types of internet connection.

DIAL-UP CONNECTION
BROADBAND/DIRECT CONNECTION

DIAL-UP CONNECTION

DIAL UP CONNECTION in divided into two types;

• Conventional Dial Up
• ISDN ( Integrated Service Digital Network )

CONVENTIONAL DIAL-UP is (to connect to the Internet, your computer dials its modem and connects to a modem attached to a computer belonging to your ISP.)

•                     PC has to dial via a phone line to connect
•                     Characteristics of Conventional dial-up:
•                        Slower, but cheaper
•                        Ties up phone lines
•                        Relatively secure from hackers
•                        Example :-  TMNet

There are disadvantages and advantages of conventional dial up

                                                     

Advantages	Disadvantages
•          Security : (since your are not continually connected to the Internet, it is much less likely the hackers will gain access to your computer via Internet) •          Include inexpensive hardware •          Ease of setup and use •          Availability: provides the user with the convenience of using his account.	•          Slow connection speed (max of 56Kbps) •          Inconvenience (having to instruct your PC to dial up your ISP every time you want to check your email or view a website ) •          Telephone line will be tied up while accessing the Internet

ISDN ( Integrated Service Digital Network) 

•        also transfer data over ordinary telephone lines
•        Typically uses two phone lines to transfer data
•        ISDN requires a special ISDN modem
•        Characteristics of ISDN:

•       Faster, but pricey
•       Doesn’t tie up phone line
•       Used by businesses and individuals

 BROADBAND / DIRECT CONNECTION

DIRECT CONNECTION

(always on connections)

•          Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband    Internet service
•           PC is continually connected to the Internet
•           Direct connections are typically broadband
•           Used in the home and office
•        Because you are always connected, it is important to protect your computer from hackers

There are seven types of Direct Connection

• Wifi
• Cellular radio network
• Cable internet service
• Satellite internet service
• Fixed wireless
• DSL
• Fiber to the  premises( FTTP)

DSL

• Broadband delivered over telephone lines
• Must be less than 3 miles from a switching station
• Transmits over telephone lines but does not tie up the line
• Fast, direct Internet access via standard telephone line

Wifi

•  Data is transmitted through radio waves
• Public wireless networks
• Both free and fee-based are available
• Currently Wi-Fi for short range, but WiMAX may soon be an option

       Wifi Hotspot

•       Wifi hotspot are places that provide a user with free or paid internet service.
•        Eg.cafe,airport,hotel,hostel offices or other public buildings.
• 
  

•            http://osxdaily.com/2013/07/30/bypass-device-connection-limits-wifi-hotspot/

        Cellular radio network

•        Also known as Mobile wireless
•        Access via mobile phone or device
•     Offers high-speed Internet connections to devices with built-in compatible technology or   computers with wireless modems.
•       Example provider:- Celcom, Maxis, DiGi

 Cable Internet service

•   Cable modem: Most widely used home broadband connection
•       Provides high-speed Internet access through    the cable television network via a cable modem

 Satellite Internet service

•        Broadband option for rural areas
•       More expensive than cable or DSL
•    Available in many areas other broadband options are not
•       Provides high-speed Internet connections via satellite.
•       A satellite dish communicates with a satellite modem.

Fixed wireless

 

•         Uses radio transmission towers rather than satellites
•         Not available in all areas
•         Expected to use WiMAX
•        Provides high-speed Internet connections using a dish-shaped antenna to communicate via radio signals

FTTP

•        Also known as Broadband over Fiber (BoF)
•        Delivers over fiber-optic cabling all the way to the building
•       Available in limited areas
•       Fast but expensive
•      Uses fiber-optic cable
•      Provide high-speed Internet access to house and business users.
• 
  

There is the advantages and disadvantages of broadband

Advantages	Disadvantages
·          You don't need to dial an access number and risk getting a busy signal. ·          Broadband internet offers unlimited access and you won't be charged based on the connection duration. ·          Broadband internet not only gives you high speed internet access, it can also provide cheap phone services via VoIP technology.	•          High monthly fee compared to dialup internet access. •          Higher security risk than dial up connection.  A personal firewall is needed to protect your computer. •          Not all phone wires are equipped for DSL service.  May not be available in rural or remote areas.

s    Differences between Dial Up and Direct connection

Criteria	Dial-up connection	Broadband
Speed	Slow, maximum speed  is 56 kbps	Faster, can go up to several megabytes per second
Equipment	Less equipment compare to Broadband	More than dialup connection, change based on different broadband technology and speed e.g Fiber Optic cable,
Availability	Dial-up can be accessed anywhere via a telephone line.	Broadband availability has become more and more widespread over the last few years in particular. satellite Internet is always an option for more rural areas that haven't been expanded to yet.